Special Relativity

Einstein's Revolution: Space and time are unified into spacetime. The speed of light is absolute. E = mc².

Prof. Leonard Susskind - Special Relativity

These lectures from Prof. Leonard Susskind at Stanford University are part of his celebrated "Theoretical Minimum" series. Susskind, a pioneer of string theory and holography, explains special relativity with exceptional clarity, making Einstein's revolutionary theory accessible to all.

🎓 Stanford University📺 10 Lectures⚡ Einstein's Theory

💡 What You'll Learn

  • • Why space and time are unified into spacetime
  • • How to use Lorentz transformations and Minkowski diagrams
  • • The physics behind E = mc² and relativistic collisions
  • • How electromagnetism naturally fits into special relativity
  • • The foundation needed for general relativity and quantum field theory
1

Introduction and Galilean Relativity

Historical context of relativity. Galilean transformations and the principle of relativity in classical mechanics. Why Maxwell's equations posed a problem for Galilean relativity.

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Video Lecture

Lecture 1: Introduction and Galilean Relativity

💡 Tip: Watch at 1.25x or 1.5x speed for efficient learning. Use YouTube's subtitle feature if available.

2

Lorentz Transformations

Einstein's postulates. Derivation of Lorentz transformations from first principles. The geometry of spacetime and invariant intervals. Introduction to Minkowski diagrams.

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Video Lecture

Lecture 2: Lorentz Transformations

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3

Time Dilation and Length Contraction

Consequences of Lorentz transformations: moving clocks run slow, moving rods are contracted. Relativity of simultaneity. The twin paradox explained with spacetime diagrams.

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Video Lecture

Lecture 3: Time Dilation and Length Contraction

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4

Velocity Addition and Acceleration

Relativistic velocity addition formula. Why velocities don't simply add. Proper time and proper acceleration. Four-velocity and its properties.

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Video Lecture

Lecture 4: Velocity Addition and Acceleration

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5

Four-Vectors and Invariants

Four-vector formalism: position, velocity, momentum, acceleration. Invariant products and the metric tensor. Timelike, spacelike, and lightlike intervals. Light cones and causality.

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Video Lecture

Lecture 5: Four-Vectors and Invariants

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6

Relativistic Energy and Momentum

Derivation of E = mc². Relativistic momentum p = γmv. The energy-momentum relation E² = (pc)² + (mc²)². Conservation laws in relativistic collisions.

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Video Lecture

Lecture 6: Relativistic Energy and Momentum

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7

Massless Particles and Photons

Special case of massless particles. Photon energy E = pc and momentum. Compton scattering and photon collisions. Why nothing can travel faster than light.

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Video Lecture

Lecture 7: Massless Particles and Photons

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8

Relativistic Dynamics

Four-force and equations of motion. Relativistic Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulations. Charged particles in electromagnetic fields. Connection to classical limit.

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Video Lecture

Lecture 8: Relativistic Dynamics

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9

Electromagnetic Field Tensor

Electric and magnetic fields as components of a tensor. Transformation of E and B fields between frames. Covariance of Maxwell's equations. Four-current and charge conservation.

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Video Lecture

Lecture 9: Electromagnetic Field Tensor

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10

Summary and Path to General Relativity

Review of special relativity's key concepts. Limitations of SR: gravity is not included. Equivalence principle preview. How SR leads to general relativity and curved spacetime.

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Video Lecture

Lecture 10: Summary and Path to General Relativity

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🎓 Course Summary

Prof. Susskind's Special Relativity course takes you from Galilean relativity through Lorentz transformations, four-vectors, relativistic mechanics, and electromagnetic field tensors. You'll gain a deep understanding of how space and time work at high velocities, preparing you for general relativity, quantum field theory, and modern particle physics.

Lectures 1-3: Spacetime foundations
Lectures 4-7: Relativistic mechanics
Lectures 8-10: Fields and beyond