4 lives in this collection worked in foundations of geometry, from 1667 to today. Each has a full course on their life and the mathematics and physics they made.
Often together with: mathematical logic. All fields
Jesuit mathematician and logician whose Euclides ab omni naevo vindicatus (1733), meant to prove the parallel postulate, derived the first systematic theorems of hyperbolic geometry.
geometry, foundations of geometry, logic
Physician and physicist who gave the first general statement of the conservation of energy, measured the speed of the nerve impulse, invented the ophthalmoscope, founded vortex dynamics and introduced free energy.
physics, physiology, thermodynamics
Leader of Göttingen mathematics whose basis theorem, Zahlbericht, axioms of geometry, Hilbert space, Paris problems and proof theory shaped twentieth-century mathematics.
invariant theory, algebraic number theory, foundations of geometry
Polish-American logician who gave the semantic definition of truth, proved the decidability of real closed fields and elementary geometry, co-discovered the Banach–Tarski paradox, and founded the Berkeley school of model theory.
mathematical logic, model theory, set theory