Part IV: Special Topics

Special functions, asymptotic methods, variational calculus, and integral equations — advanced tools for research-level physics.

Special Functions

Legendre, Bessel, spherical harmonics, Hermite, Laguerre

Asymptotic Methods

WKB, steepest descent, stationary phase

Variational Calculus

Euler-Lagrange, constraints, Rayleigh-Ritz

Integral Equations

Fredholm, Volterra, Neumann series, kernels

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