15 lives in this collection worked in mathematics, from 360 to today. Each has a full course on their life and the mathematics and physics they made.
Often together with: astronomy, optics, celestial mechanics, number theory, philosophy of science, trigonometry. All fields
Alexandrian mathematician, astronomer and Platonist teacher who revised the text of Ptolemy's Almagest and was killed by a Christian mob in 415.
astronomy, mathematics, neoplatonic philosophy
Author of the Aryabhatiya (499), the earliest surviving Indian mathematical-astronomical treatise by a named author, with a sine table, the kuttaka method, pi as 3.1416 and a rotating Earth.
astronomy, mathematics, trigonometry
Author of the Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta (628), which gave the first systematic rules for zero and negative numbers, a general quadratic rule, the composition law for x² − Ny² = k, and formulas for cyclic quadrilaterals.
astronomy, mathematics, algebra
Scholar of Basra and Cairo whose Book of Optics founded the intromission theory of vision on experiment and geometry, and whose Doubts concerning Ptolemy demanded physically realizable planetary models.
optics, astronomy, mathematics
Founder of the Kerala school, credited by his successors with the infinite series for π, the arctangent, the sine and the cosine, with end-correction terms, two and a half centuries before their European rediscovery.
astronomy, mathematics, infinite series
Canon of Warmia whose De revolutionibus (1543) set the Earth in motion around the Sun and fixed the order and relative distances of the planets.
astronomy, mathematics, medicine
Discoverer of the three laws of planetary motion and founder of modern optics, who made astronomy a physical science.
astronomy, optics, mathematics
Astronomer who predicted the return of the comet that bears his name, financed and published Newton's Principia, and founded the life table and the magnetic chart.
astronomy, celestial mechanics, geophysics
Natural philosopher who defended Leibniz's vis viva, wrote the Institutions de physique and produced the only complete French translation of Newton's Principia.
natural philosophy, mechanics, mathematics
Founder of electrodynamics, who discovered the forces between electric currents in 1820 and gave them their first mathematical law.
electrodynamics, mathematics, chemistry
Founder of precision astrometry who measured the first stellar parallax and systematized the functions that bear his name.
astronomy, astrometry, geodesy
Mathematician and inventor who designed the Difference Engine and the Analytical Engine, the first design for a general-purpose programmable computer.
mathematics, mechanical computation, functional equations
Astronomer and mathematician who surveyed the southern sky, catalogued nebulae and double stars, introduced the notation f^{-1}, and founded much of the chemistry and vocabulary of photography.
astronomy, mathematics, optics
Austrian physicist who in 1842 proposed that the observed frequency of a wave depends on the relative motion of source and observer.
physics, mathematics, astronomy
Mathematician whose 1843 translation and Notes on Babbage's Analytical Engine explained general-purpose computation and set out a program for Bernoulli numbers.
mathematics, computing