Physiology

5 lives in this collection worked in physiology, from 1737 to today. Each has a full course on their life and the mathematics and physics they made.

Often together with: chemistry, thermodynamics. All fields

  • Luigi Galvani1737–1798

    Bologna anatomist and physician whose frog experiments revealed animal electricity, founded electrophysiology and set Volta on the path to the pile.

    anatomy, physiology, animal electricity

  • Antoine Lavoisier1743–1794

    Founder of quantitative chemistry who established the conservation of mass, the oxygen theory of combustion and the modern nomenclature, and with Laplace made calorimetry precise.

    chemistry, calorimetry, physiology

  • William Hyde Wollaston1766–1828

    Physician turned chemist who made platinum malleable, discovered palladium and rhodium, first saw the dark lines of the solar spectrum, and invented the camera lucida and reflecting goniometer.

    chemistry, metallurgy, optics

  • Julius Robert Mayer1814–1878

    Heilbronn physician who in 1842 first published the conservation of energy as a universal principle and computed the mechanical equivalent of heat from gas data.

    thermodynamics, physiology, medicine

  • Hermann von Helmholtz1821–1894

    Physician and physicist who gave the first general statement of the conservation of energy, measured the speed of the nerve impulse, invented the ophthalmoscope, founded vortex dynamics and introduced free energy.

    physics, physiology, thermodynamics