2022
Quantum Entanglement & Bell Inequalities
Alain Aspect, John F. Clauser & Anton Zeilinger
About This Prize
The 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Alain Aspect, John F. Clauser, and Anton Zeilinger “for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science.” Their groundbreaking experiments confirmed that entangled particles behave in ways that cannot be explained by hidden variables, vindicating quantum mechanics and laying the foundation for transformative quantum technologies including quantum computing and quantum cryptography.
Alain Aspect
“From Einstein and Bell to Quantum Technologies: Non-Locality a Fruitful Image”
John F. Clauser
“Experimental Proof that Nonlocal Quantum Entanglement is Real”
Anton Zeilinger
“A Voyage through Quantum Wonderland”
Key Concepts
- • EPR Paradox: Einstein’s “spooky action at a distance” — the challenge to quantum mechanics that entangled particles could influence each other instantaneously
- • Bell’s Theorem & CHSH Inequality: Mathematical framework proving that no local hidden variable theory can reproduce all predictions of quantum mechanics
- • Closing Loopholes: Systematically eliminating the locality and detection efficiency loopholes to achieve definitive violation of Bell inequalities
- • Quantum Information Foundations: These experiments laid the groundwork for quantum computing, quantum cryptography, and quantum teleportation