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2014

Super-Resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

Eric Betzig, Stefan W. Hell & William E. Moerner

About This Prize

The 2014 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Eric Betzig, Stefan W. Hell, and William E. Moerner “for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy.” Their work bypassed the Abbe diffraction limit (~200 nm), enabling optical imaging at the nanoscale. Hell developed STED microscopy using stimulated emission depletion, while Betzig and Moerner pioneered single-molecule detection and photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM), transforming our ability to visualize molecular processes inside living cells.

William E. Moerner

“Single-Molecule Spectroscopy, Imaging, and Photocontrol: Foundations for Super-Resolution Microscopy”

Stefan W. Hell

“Nanoscopy with Focused Light”

Eric Betzig

“Single Molecules, Cells, and Super-Resolution Optics”

Key Concepts

  • Abbe Diffraction Limit: Classical resolution limit of ~λ/2 ≈ 200 nm for visible light, long thought to be fundamental
  • STED Microscopy: Stimulated emission depletion narrows the fluorescence spot below the diffraction limit
  • Single-Molecule Detection: Imaging individual fluorescent molecules to reconstruct super-resolved images
  • PALM/STORM: Photoactivated localization microscopy achieves ~20 nm resolution in biological samples